I recently asked my ENT to view my vocal cords, which have not been normal since my neck dissection. (I think that the nerve was insulted. They have slowly improved.) After puffing some numbing spray into my nostrils, and then some other numbing stuff into my throat, he passed a very thin, flexible fiberoptic scope through one nostril, down as far as my vocal cords. There was absolutely NOTHING to this. I suppose that the bronchoscopy is more involved, but it must be similar. I imagine that the scope will be somewhat larger, if it is going to be able to take a biopsy. Surely for this clinical trial, they will use this flexible scope, and not the old-fashioned rigid scope!