I think it's possible. Chronic irritation or long term exposure to chemicals and cigarettes can cause lung cancer, I imagine the same can be said for some other cancers.. However a one time exposure isnt likely to cause irreparable damage, the body is generally very good at repairing itself. Though it may have aggravate an already existing issue.

As for recurrences, it think it's in gods hands - however, nutrition, and overall health ( activity etc.) are what the cancer patient can take care of on their own to try and prevent it.

Hugs!