Positive - I can't speak to the black bile issue. But on the subject of mouth pain, have you tried viscous lidocaine? I found it was the only thing that helped me. I took all those meds your husband takes, still on Prilosec over a year later and still take the odd Oxy.
As far as what to try... liquids first of course, maybe the stuff he's taking through the PEG. I didn't have one so I was just chugging it as best I could (Ensure, Boost and their clones, but I understand Carnation VHC packs an even bigger punch). Once I got back on solids I began with vegetable soup I made with the vegetables cooked to maximum softness, miso soup, then oatmeal and soft boiled eggs, eventually ice cream. I believe there's a whole section here at OCF devoted to soft food recipes.
As far as other issues... rest, hydrate, eat, rest, hydrate and repeat.
As many have noted here, the first month or so after Radiation is just as tough or tougher than the treatment itself. My guess is he'll start feeling a lot better in a couple of weeks!
Keep us posted and please ask any and all questions. Others will likely weigh in with more valuable info than I've been able to provide!
Courage.
David 2