hi boston,
In 2006 my husband's radiologist had a stern talk with our 2 adult sons. He told them they had a 50% increased chance of getting cancer due to genetics. There is a strong history of male lung cancer deaths in our family. They both smoked, and if they did not quit that very day, they would double those odds over the general population.

Tomorrow, the now 25 year old son is going to an oral surgeon for a painful bump on the back of the his tongue that will not go away. It's been there 4 weeks now. His primary care physican did the referral. The radiologist's words are haunting him.

I know this does not answer your question, I can only share with you our family experience.